Illusions are a delight to our playful minds, and artists, magicians, and scientists have long been searching for ways to create multiple meanings out of a single picture, sound, video or physical object. This multi-stable auditory illusion opens opportunities for studying the perceptual, cognitive, and neural representation of objects in motion, as well as exploring multimodal perceptual awareness. Participants were biased towards perceiving transverse compared to bouncing paths, and they became perceptually locked into alternating between front-to-back and back-to-front percepts, perhaps reflecting how auditory objects commonly move in the real world. In a second experiment, the illusory stimulus was looped continuously in headphones while participants identified its perceived path of motion to test properties of perceptual switching, locking, and biases. These results show that this illusion is effectively quadri-stable. Participants perceived all four illusory motion percepts, and could not distinguish the illusion from the unambiguous stimuli. When asked to rate their confidence in perceiving each sound’s motion, participants reported equal confidence for the illusory and unambiguous stimuli. Here we demonstrate how human listeners experience this illusory phenomenon by comparing ambiguous and unambiguous stimuli for each of the four possible motion percepts. The sound can be perceived as traveling transversely from front to back or back to front, or “bouncing” to remain exclusively in front of or behind the observer. Here, we introduce a novel quadri-stable illusion, the Transverse-and-Bounce Auditory Illusion, which combines front-back confusion with changes in volume levels of a nonspatial sound to create ambiguous percepts of an object approaching and withdrawing from the listener. However, the human auditory system has unequally distributed spatial resolution, including difficulty distinguishing sounds in front vs. One way we estimate the motion of an auditory object moving towards or away from us is from changes in volume intensity. Hence, before having acquired many words of their language, they have grasped enough of their native phonological grammar to constrain their perception of speech sound sequences.In addition to vision, audition plays an important role in sound localization in our world. These results show that the phonologically induced /u/ illusion is already experienced by Japanese infants at the age of 14 months. In Experiment 3, we found that, like adults, Japanese infants can discriminate abna from abuna when phonetic variability is reduced (single item). In Experiment 2, 8-month-old French and Japanese did not differ significantly from each other. In Experiment 1, we observed that 14-month-old Japanese infants, in contrast to French infants, failed to discriminate phonetically varied sets of abna-type and abuna-type stimuli. To study the development of phonological grammar, we compared Japanese and French infants in a discrimination task. Previous work has shown that Japanese speakers, unlike French speakers, break up illegal sequences of consonants with illusory vowels: they report hearing abna as abuna. In adults, native language phonology has strong perceptual effects.
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